What is the primary effect of spring frosts on young vine growth?

Spring frosts can have a devastating impact on young vine growth, primarily by killing buds and shoots. When the temperature drops significantly during the spring, it can lead to freeze damage to the delicate new growth that is emerging after the winter dormancy. This can result in the loss of developing shoots, which are crucial for photosynthesis and overall vine health.

By damaging or killing the buds, frosts hinder the plant’s ability to produce leaves and flowers, which are essential for fruit development. If the buds are destroyed, the vine may not be able to recover within the same growing season, severely affecting its growth and potential yield. This means that for those managing vineyards, understanding the risk of spring frosts is critical for planning and mitigating damage, such as through frost protection strategies.

The other options suggest positive impacts which do not align with the detrimental nature of spring frosts on vine growth. Thus, the primary effect of spring frosts is indeed the killing of buds and shoots, which can compromise the overall vigor and productivity of young vines.