What is the role of substrate in hydroponic systems?

The role of substrate in hydroponic systems is primarily to anchor plants and allow for nutrient access. In hydroponics, plants are grown without soil, and instead, a substrate is used to provide stability and support for the plant's roots. While the nutrient solutions are delivered directly to the plants, the substrate plays a crucial role in providing a medium that holds moisture and facilitates the exchange of air around the roots, thus helping to prevent root diseases and promote healthy growth.

Substrates such as rock wool, clay pellets, or coconut coir are commonly utilized because they can retain moisture and nutrients while also providing good drainage and aeration for the roots. This combination enables plants to access the nutrients dissolved in the water efficiently while ensuring they remain anchored in place.