What role do clay particles play in soil water retention?

Clay particles play a crucial role in soil water retention primarily because of their ability to bind water molecules. Clay has a very small particle size and a large surface area, which facilitates the attraction and retention of water. The negatively charged surfaces of clay particles can hold onto water molecules through hydrogen bonding and physical adhesion, effectively increasing the soil's water-holding capacity.

This property is significant because it helps create a more stable environment for plant roots and supports various biotic and abiotic processes in the soil. Unlike larger soil particles, such as sand, which tend to allow water to drain quickly through them, clay's structure helps maintain moisture in the soil, making it available for plant uptake.

In contrast to the other options, clay does not repel water, contribute to rapid drainage, or evaporate water. Instead, its unique characteristics enhance soil moisture retention, which is essential for healthy plant growth and sustainable agricultural practices.